See cewka on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cewka"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Kielce",
"Przemyśl",
"Podhale"
],
"word": "céwka"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Central Greater Poland",
"Masovian Borderland"
],
"word": "cywka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*cěvъka<id:tube>",
"etydate": "15th century",
"id": "tube",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *skey-der.\nProto-Slavic *cěva\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nProto-Slavic *cěvъka\nOld Polish cewka\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"split\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sek-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"aktionsart verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*skey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*cěva\", \"gloss\" : \"shine-bone, tube, bobbin, spool\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*cěvъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"cewka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"tube\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"cewka\" id=\"Old_Polish:_tube\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *cěvъka. First attested in the 15th century.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "cew",
"3": "-ka"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, cew + -ka",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *skey-der.\nProto-Slavic *cěva\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nProto-Slavic *cěvъka\nOld Polish cewka\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *cěvъka. First attested in the 15th century. By surface analysis, cew + -ka.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cewka f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 17:",
"text": "Czewka canna",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
112,
119
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 688:",
"text": "Znamienicie ewanjeliści wspominają, bo tako twardo związan, iże ze wszech paznokciow jego rzucała sie krew jako cewkami",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
126
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 818:",
"text": "Gdy są związali tako trudno i twardo jego święte ręce..., iże... ze wszech świętych paznokciow krew wyrzuciła sie jako cewkami",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pipe, tube"
],
"id": "en-cewka-zlw-opl-noun-dUTho4UW",
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"tube",
"tube"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 18:",
"text": "Czewky calamos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 20:",
"text": "Czewky calami",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pipe, tube",
"calamus, fistula (hollow arm of a candelabrum)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-zlw-opl-noun-JiL9hVwD",
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"tube",
"tube"
],
[
"calamus",
"calamus"
],
[
"fistula",
"fistula"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Borderlands Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 20 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 25 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 89:",
"text": "Czewka texita",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1455], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Miechów, Kruchowo, page 489:",
"text": "Prządzywo, czewka",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"ref": "1927-1930 [1489], Wilhelm Rolny, editor, Najstarsze akta konsystorza lwowskiego. Acta officii consistorialis Leopoliensis antiquissima, volume II, number 2130, Lviv:",
"text": "Petrus... czewkam auri pro media sexagena apud fatum dominum Stanislaum recepit",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
29
]
],
"ref": "1898-2024 [1495], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 63:",
"text": "Alie res parve cum 1/2 cephka auri",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 194v:",
"text": "Trama est instrvmentum textoris vlg. czewka Tramen dicitur filum per quod [inst] intrat stamen et per quod currit trama",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 160v:",
"text": "Pennula vlg. czewka",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spool; reel; bobbin (tube suitable for connecting wires)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-zlw-opl-noun-Nupwcyq8",
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"spool",
"spool"
],
[
"reel",
"reel"
],
[
"bobbin",
"bobbin"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; Southern Borderlands; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; Southern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Southern Borderlands, chiefly weaving) spool; reel; bobbin (tube suitable for connecting wires)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛːfka/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲefka/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cewka"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:cewka<id:tube>",
"id": "coil",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *skey-der.\nProto-Slavic *cěva\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nProto-Slavic *cěvъka\nOld Polish cewka\nPolish cewka\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"split\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sek-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"aktionsart verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*skey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*cěva\", \"gloss\" : \"shine-bone, tube, bobbin, spool\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*cěvъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"cewka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cewka\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"coil\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cewka\" id=\"Polish:_coil\">\nInherited from Old Polish cewka.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *skey-der.\nProto-Slavic *cěva\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nProto-Slavic *cěvъka\nOld Polish cewka\nPolish cewka\nInherited from Old Polish cewka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ceweczka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "cewa",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cewka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cewki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "céwka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cywka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "cewkowy",
"aug": "cewa",
"dim": "ceweczka"
},
"expansion": "cewka f (diminutive ceweczka, augmentative cewa, related adjective cewkowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cew‧ka"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cew‧ka"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cewnik"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Electromagnetism",
"orig": "pl:Electromagnetism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "ignition coil",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cewka zapłonowa",
"translation": "ignition coil",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "induction coil",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cewka indukcyjna",
"translation": "induction coil",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inductor; coil (coil of insulated electrical wire wrapped around something, used to store energy generated in a magnetic field)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-OHibYBv7",
"links": [
[
"electromagnetism",
"electromagnetism"
],
[
"inductor",
"inductor"
],
[
"coil",
"coil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electromagnetism) inductor; coil (coil of insulated electrical wire wrapped around something, used to store energy generated in a magnetic field)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zwojnica"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"electrical-engineering",
"electromagnetism",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
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"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "pl:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 5 5 10 11 5 5 9 1 6 2 8 3 2 6 10 10",
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"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
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"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Crafts",
"orig": "pl:Crafts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 14 15 6 5 9 1 6 2 9 6 3 7 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Medical signs and symptoms",
"orig": "pl:Medical signs and symptoms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 12 8 3 10 3 3 5 7 5 6 6 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Trapping",
"orig": "pl:Trapping",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "urethra",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cewka moczowa",
"translation": "urethra",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tube, tubule (tube-shaped organ found in the human or animal body whose function is to conduct some type of substance)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-HmwZ6YOr",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"tube",
"tube"
],
[
"tubule",
"tubule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) tube, tubule (tube-shaped organ found in the human or animal body whose function is to conduct some type of substance)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "pl:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cytology",
"orig": "pl:Cytology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 5 5 10 11 5 5 9 1 6 2 8 3 2 6 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 4 4 11 13 5 6 10 0 7 1 10 5 1 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 4 5 12 13 5 5 10 1 6 1 9 4 3 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 5 6 11 10 5 4 8 1 4 2 6 4 3 5 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Łowicz Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 8 1 5 2 8 4 3 7 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 8 1 5 2 8 4 3 7 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 9 1 6 1 8 4 2 7 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 13 6 6 9 0 6 1 9 4 2 10 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 10 5 2 7 2 2 3 5 5 7 4 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 12 6 5 7 1 8 1 7 4 3 8 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 13 5 5 9 1 6 2 8 4 2 6 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 15 6 6 11 1 6 2 9 4 2 6 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Crafts",
"orig": "pl:Crafts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 14 15 6 5 9 1 6 2 9 6 3 7 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Medical signs and symptoms",
"orig": "pl:Medical signs and symptoms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 12 8 3 10 3 3 5 7 5 6 6 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Trapping",
"orig": "pl:Trapping",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tracheid (elongated cell found in plant xylem whose major function is to carry water)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-PP~ca-2r",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"cytology",
"cytology"
],
[
"tracheid",
"tracheid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany, cytology) tracheid (elongated cell found in plant xylem whose major function is to carry water)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"cytology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sewing",
"orig": "pl:Sewing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "thread bobbin",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cewka wątkowa",
"translation": "thread bobbin",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bobbin (cone-shaped or cylindrical object that is part of a weaving machine and on which a thread or yarn is wound)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-h8WIW9nw",
"links": [
[
"sewing",
"sewing#Noun"
],
[
"bobbin",
"bobbin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sewing) bobbin (cone-shaped or cylindrical object that is part of a weaving machine and on which a thread or yarn is wound)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"sewing",
"textiles"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "pl:Hunting",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leg of a roe deer"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-hU0oD0e5",
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"roe deer",
"roe deer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting) leg of a roe deer"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "pl:Hunting",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 5 5 10 11 5 5 9 1 6 2 8 3 2 6 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 15 6 6 11 1 6 2 9 4 2 6 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Crafts",
"orig": "pl:Crafts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 12 8 3 10 3 3 5 7 5 6 6 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Trapping",
"orig": "pl:Trapping",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poaching snares"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-6XoCVDug",
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"poaching",
"poaching"
],
[
"snare",
"snare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting) poaching snares"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"synonym of rurka"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-o6oQ2EjN",
"links": [
[
"rurka",
"rurka#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) synonym of rurka"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "rurka"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "pl:Music",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 5 6 7 7 5 2 7 2 18 3 4 3 3 4 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pipe (tube of an instrument)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-pY0mcXNj",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, music) pipe (tube of an instrument)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cart block (block of wood that would fit on an average cart)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun--DpW59Cb",
"links": [
[
"cart",
"cart"
],
[
"block",
"block"
]
],
"qualifier": "Southern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Borderlands, Kamianets-Podilskyi) cart block (block of wood that would fit on an average cart)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Milling",
"orig": "pl:Milling",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mill shaft (rung on a shaft or mill wheel)"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-y2e16h5U",
"links": [
[
"milling",
"milling"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
]
],
"qualifier": "milling",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, milling) mill shaft (rung on a shaft or mill wheel)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "pl:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 20 10 4 4 6 1 5 1 6 11 1 4 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "pl:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 20 10 4 4 6 1 4 1 6 13 1 4 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "pl:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of pierś /wymię"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-rx24S~8i",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"pierś",
"pierś#Polish"
],
[
"wymię",
"wymię#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, anatomy) synonym of pierś /wymię"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "pierś /wymię"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "pl:Pathology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of fistuła"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-xJJcJPMW",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"fistuła",
"fistuła#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, pathology) synonym of fistuła"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "fistuła"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 13 6 6 9 0 6 1 9 4 2 10 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of kran"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-oNsXRaRO",
"links": [
[
"kran",
"kran#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, plumbing) synonym of kran"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "kran"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing",
"plumbing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "pl:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 3 3 7 9 4 5 7 0 5 0 7 2 1 4 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 5 5 10 11 5 5 9 1 6 2 8 3 2 6 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 5 6 11 10 5 4 8 1 4 2 6 4 3 5 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Łowicz Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 9 1 6 1 8 4 2 7 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 10 5 2 7 2 2 3 5 5 7 4 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 12 6 5 7 1 8 1 7 4 3 8 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 13 5 5 9 1 6 2 8 4 2 6 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of kolanko"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-9FqqdBpQ",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"kolanko",
"kolanko#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, botany) synonym of kolanko"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "kolanko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "pl:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 3 3 7 9 4 5 7 0 5 0 7 2 1 4 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 5 5 10 11 5 5 9 1 6 2 8 3 2 6 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 5 6 11 10 5 4 8 1 4 2 6 4 3 5 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Łowicz Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 8 1 5 2 8 4 3 7 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 8 1 5 2 8 4 3 7 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 9 1 6 1 8 4 2 7 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 10 5 2 7 2 2 3 5 5 7 4 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 13 5 5 9 1 6 2 8 4 2 6 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 20 10 4 4 6 1 5 1 6 11 1 4 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "pl:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 20 10 4 4 6 1 4 1 6 13 1 4 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "pl:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of przełyk"
],
"id": "en-cewka-pl-noun-Lg9qFg~C",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"przełyk",
"przełyk#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, anatomy) synonym of przełyk"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "przełyk"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛf.ka/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sef.ka/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɛf.ka]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɛf.ka]",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɛf.ka]",
"note": "Southern Borderlands"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɛf.ka]",
"note": "Northern Borderlands"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfka"
}
],
"word": "cewka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Northern Borderlands Polish",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sek- (cut)",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skey-",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"pl:Animal body parts",
"pl:Body parts",
"pl:Crafts",
"pl:Medical signs and symptoms",
"pl:Trapping",
"zlw-opl:Tools",
"Łowicz Polish"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cewka"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Kielce",
"Przemyśl",
"Podhale"
],
"word": "céwka"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Central Greater Poland",
"Masovian Borderland"
],
"word": "cywka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*cěvъka<id:tube>",
"etydate": "15th century",
"id": "tube",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *skey-der.\nProto-Slavic *cěva\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nProto-Slavic *cěvъka\nOld Polish cewka\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"split\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sek-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"aktionsart verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*skey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*cěva\", \"gloss\" : \"shine-bone, tube, bobbin, spool\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*cěvъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"cewka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"tube\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"cewka\" id=\"Old_Polish:_tube\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *cěvъka. First attested in the 15th century.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "cew",
"3": "-ka"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, cew + -ka",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *skey-der.\nProto-Slavic *cěva\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nProto-Slavic *cěvъka\nOld Polish cewka\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *cěvъka. First attested in the 15th century. By surface analysis, cew + -ka.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cewka f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 17:",
"text": "Czewka canna",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
112,
119
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 688:",
"text": "Znamienicie ewanjeliści wspominają, bo tako twardo związan, iże ze wszech paznokciow jego rzucała sie krew jako cewkami",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
126
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 818:",
"text": "Gdy są związali tako trudno i twardo jego święte ręce..., iże... ze wszech świętych paznokciow krew wyrzuciła sie jako cewkami",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pipe, tube"
],
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"tube",
"tube"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 18:",
"text": "Czewky calamos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 20:",
"text": "Czewky calami",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pipe, tube",
"calamus, fistula (hollow arm of a candelabrum)"
],
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"tube",
"tube"
],
[
"calamus",
"calamus"
],
[
"fistula",
"fistula"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Southern Borderlands Old Polish",
"zlw-opl:Weaving"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 89:",
"text": "Czewka texita",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1455], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Miechów, Kruchowo, page 489:",
"text": "Prządzywo, czewka",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"ref": "1927-1930 [1489], Wilhelm Rolny, editor, Najstarsze akta konsystorza lwowskiego. Acta officii consistorialis Leopoliensis antiquissima, volume II, number 2130, Lviv:",
"text": "Petrus... czewkam auri pro media sexagena apud fatum dominum Stanislaum recepit",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
29
]
],
"ref": "1898-2024 [1495], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 63:",
"text": "Alie res parve cum 1/2 cephka auri",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 194v:",
"text": "Trama est instrvmentum textoris vlg. czewka Tramen dicitur filum per quod [inst] intrat stamen et per quod currit trama",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 160v:",
"text": "Pennula vlg. czewka",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spool; reel; bobbin (tube suitable for connecting wires)"
],
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"spool",
"spool"
],
[
"reel",
"reel"
],
[
"bobbin",
"bobbin"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; Southern Borderlands; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; Southern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Southern Borderlands, chiefly weaving) spool; reel; bobbin (tube suitable for connecting wires)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛːfka/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲefka/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cewka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Northern Borderlands Polish",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sek- (cut)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skey-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛfka",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛfka/2 syllables",
"pl:Animal body parts",
"pl:Body parts",
"pl:Crafts",
"pl:Medical signs and symptoms",
"pl:Trapping",
"Łowicz Polish"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:cewka<id:tube>",
"id": "coil",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *skey-der.\nProto-Slavic *cěva\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nProto-Slavic *cěvъka\nOld Polish cewka\nPolish cewka\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"split\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sek-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"aktionsart verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*skey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*cěva\", \"gloss\" : \"shine-bone, tube, bobbin, spool\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*cěvъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"cewka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cewka\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"coil\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cewka\" id=\"Polish:_coil\">\nInherited from Old Polish cewka.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *skey-der.\nProto-Slavic *cěva\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nProto-Slavic *cěvъka\nOld Polish cewka\nPolish cewka\nInherited from Old Polish cewka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ceweczka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "cewa",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cewka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cewkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cewko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cewki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "céwka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cywka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "cewkowy",
"aug": "cewa",
"dim": "ceweczka"
},
"expansion": "cewka f (diminutive ceweczka, augmentative cewa, related adjective cewkowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cew‧ka"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cew‧ka"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cewnik"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations",
"pl:Electromagnetism"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "ignition coil",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cewka zapłonowa",
"translation": "ignition coil",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "induction coil",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cewka indukcyjna",
"translation": "induction coil",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inductor; coil (coil of insulated electrical wire wrapped around something, used to store energy generated in a magnetic field)"
],
"links": [
[
"electromagnetism",
"electromagnetism"
],
[
"inductor",
"inductor"
],
[
"coil",
"coil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electromagnetism) inductor; coil (coil of insulated electrical wire wrapped around something, used to store energy generated in a magnetic field)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zwojnica"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"electrical-engineering",
"electromagnetism",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations",
"pl:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "urethra",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cewka moczowa",
"translation": "urethra",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tube, tubule (tube-shaped organ found in the human or animal body whose function is to conduct some type of substance)"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"tube",
"tube"
],
[
"tubule",
"tubule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) tube, tubule (tube-shaped organ found in the human or animal body whose function is to conduct some type of substance)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Botany",
"pl:Cytology"
],
"glosses": [
"tracheid (elongated cell found in plant xylem whose major function is to carry water)"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"cytology",
"cytology"
],
[
"tracheid",
"tracheid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany, cytology) tracheid (elongated cell found in plant xylem whose major function is to carry water)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"cytology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations",
"pl:Sewing"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "thread bobbin",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cewka wątkowa",
"translation": "thread bobbin",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bobbin (cone-shaped or cylindrical object that is part of a weaving machine and on which a thread or yarn is wound)"
],
"links": [
[
"sewing",
"sewing#Noun"
],
[
"bobbin",
"bobbin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sewing) bobbin (cone-shaped or cylindrical object that is part of a weaving machine and on which a thread or yarn is wound)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"sewing",
"textiles"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Hunting"
],
"glosses": [
"leg of a roe deer"
],
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"roe deer",
"roe deer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting) leg of a roe deer"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Hunting"
],
"glosses": [
"poaching snares"
],
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"poaching",
"poaching"
],
[
"snare",
"snare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting) poaching snares"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of rurka"
],
"links": [
[
"rurka",
"rurka#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) synonym of rurka"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "rurka"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"pl:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"pipe (tube of an instrument)"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, music) pipe (tube of an instrument)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Southern Borderlands Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"cart block (block of wood that would fit on an average cart)"
],
"links": [
[
"cart",
"cart"
],
[
"block",
"block"
]
],
"qualifier": "Southern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Borderlands, Kamianets-Podilskyi) cart block (block of wood that would fit on an average cart)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Milling"
],
"glosses": [
"mill shaft (rung on a shaft or mill wheel)"
],
"links": [
[
"milling",
"milling"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
]
],
"qualifier": "milling",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, milling) mill shaft (rung on a shaft or mill wheel)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of pierś /wymię"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"pierś",
"pierś#Polish"
],
[
"wymię",
"wymię#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, anatomy) synonym of pierś /wymię"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "pierś /wymię"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Pathology"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of fistuła"
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"fistuła",
"fistuła#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, pathology) synonym of fistuła"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "fistuła"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of kran"
],
"links": [
[
"kran",
"kran#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, plumbing) synonym of kran"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "kran"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing",
"plumbing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"pl:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of kolanko"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"kolanko",
"kolanko#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, botany) synonym of kolanko"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "kolanko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"pl:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of przełyk"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"przełyk",
"przełyk#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, anatomy) synonym of przełyk"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "przełyk"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɛf.ka/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sef.ka/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɛf.ka]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɛf.ka]",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɛf.ka]",
"note": "Southern Borderlands"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɛf.ka]",
"note": "Northern Borderlands"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfka"
}
],
"word": "cewka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cewka meaning in All languages combined (21.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Southern Borderlands, Kamianets-Podilskyi",
"path": [
"cewka"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cewka",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Southern Borderlands, Kamianets-Podilskyi",
"path": [
"cewka"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cewka",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.